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Paul Felix Nemenyi (June 5, 1895 – March 1, 1952) was a Hungarian mathematician and physicist specializing in continuum mechanics. Nemenyi's mathematical research encompassed: continuum mechanics, fluid dynamics, hydrostatics, statistical mechanics, non-equilibrium thermodynamics and stress mechanics. Nemenyi was known for using what he called the inverse or semi-inverse approach, which applied vector field analysis, to obtain numerous exact solutions of the nonlinear equations of gas dynamics, many of them representing rotational flows of nonuniform total energy. In continuum mechanics, "Nemenyi's theorem" proves that, given any net of isothermal curves, there exists a five parameter family of plane stress systems for which these curves are stress trajectories. He was the father of the statistician Peter Nemenyi and probably the father of former World Chess Champion Bobby Fischer. ==Biography== Neményi was born to a wealthy Hungarian Jewish family on June 5, 1895 in Rijeka. His grandfather was Siegmund/Zsigmond Neményi. His father Desiderius Nemenyi was one of the directors at Rijeka Refinery (now INA d.d.). Nemenyi attended elementary and high school in Rijeka. He graduated from high school in Budapest.〔 Sušačka revija (Glasilo za kulturu i društvena zbivanja Hrvatskog Primorja, Kvarnerskih Otoka i Gorskog Kotara); Kim Cuculić; ''Bobby Fischer''; stranica 10; broj 62/63, 2009.〕 Nemenyis uncle was Dr. Ambrus Neményi, born in Pécel, c. 20 km east of Budapest. His name was Neumann until 1871 when he magyarized it to Neményi. His aunt was Berta Koppély (Whose parents were Adolf Koppély (1809-1883) and Rozsa von Hatvany-Deutsch). His family's art collection included works by Klimt, Kandinsky and Matisse. At the age of 17, Nemenyi won the Hungarian national mathematics competition. Nemenyi obtained his doctorate in mathematics in Berlin in 1922 and lectured on fluid dynamics at the Technical University of Berlin.〔Arnold Dresden, "The Migration of Mathematicians", ''American Mathematical Monthly'' 49:7 (1942), p. 422. Available on (Jstor ) to subscribers.〕 In the early 1930s, he published a textbook on mathematical mechanics that became required reading in German universities. Stripped of his position when the Nazis came to power, he also had to leave Hungary where anti-Semitic laws had been enacted, and found work for a time in Copenhagen. He arrived in the USA at the outbreak of World War II. He briefly held a number of teaching positions in succession and took part in hydraulic research at the State University of Iowa.〔Published as "An Annotated Bibliography of Fishways", ''Bulletin 23'' of the State University of Iowa (1941) and A. M. McLeod and Paul Nemenyi, "An Investigation of Fishways", ''Bulletin 24'' of the State University of Iowa (1941).〕 In 1941 he was appointed instructor at the University of Colorado, and in 1944 at the State College of Washington.〔American Mathematical Monthly 51:2 (1944), p. 108. Available through (JSTOR ) for subscribers.〕 In Germany, Nemenyi belonged to a Socialist party called the ISK, which believed that truth could be arrived at through neo-Kantian Socratic principles. He was an animal-rights supporter, who was a strict vegan and refused to wear anything made of wool.〔(Who was Fischer's father? ) – a detailed but uncited article by an amateur chess historian〕 In 1930, Nemenyi entrusted his 3 year old first son, Peter Nemenyi, to be looked after by the socialist vegetarian community, visiting him once a year.〔(Peter Nemenyi (1927–2002), Memories ) Civil Rights Movement Veterans]〕 Theodore von Kármán wrote of Nemenyi: "When he came to this country, he went to scientific meetings in an open shirt without a tie and was very much disappointed as I advised him to dress as anyone else. He told me that he thought this was a country of freedom, and the man is only judged according to his internal values and not his external appearance."〔 In 1947 Nemenyi was appointed a physicist with the Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White Oak, Maryland.〔''American Mathematical Monthly'' 54:6 (1947), p. 361. Available through (JSTOR ) to subscribers.〕 He was head of the Theoretical Mechanics Section at the laboratory and one of the country's principal authorities on elasticity and fluid dynamics. Nemenyi was best known for using what he called the inverse or semi-inverse approach to obtain numerous exact solutions of the nonlinear equations of gas dynamics, many of them representing rotational flows of nonuniform total energy. (See article by Nemenyi and Prim in "Selected list of publications" below, which is Nemenyi's most highly cited work, though it has had no citations since 1985. Exact solutions may have less practical importance since the widespread availability of computers.) Nemenyi's scientific knowledge extended well beyond the subjects of his researches. He has been described as having "extreme() versatile interests and erudition".〔Gleb K. Mikhailov, "Development of Studies in the History of Elasticity Theory and Structural Mechanics", in ''Essays on the History of Mechanics: In Memory of Clifford Ambrose Truesdell'', edited by Antonio Becchi et al. (Basel, Boston and Belin: Birkhäuser Verlag, 2003), p. 30. Available through (Google books ). Accessed 27 Dec. 2007.〕 Nemenyi's interest and ability encompassed several nonscientific fields. He collected children's art and sometimes lectured upon it. In 1951, he published a critique of the entire Encyclopædia Britannica, and suggested improvements for such diverse sections as psychology and psychoanalysis.〔Nemenyi, Paul. "Test Borings in the Britannica". ''New Republic''. Feb. 19, 1951, p 17.〕 Paul Nemenyi died on March 1, 1952, at the age of 56. He was survived by two sons: Peter Nemenyi, then a student of mathematics at Princeton University.〔Obituary in ''Science'', August 29, 1952, p. 216.〕 and Bobby Fischer, the world chess champion. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Paul Nemenyi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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